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Medical Officer job description

A Medical Officer is a general duty doctor who provides primary and general medical care. The person runs OPD, examines and treats common illnesses, manages minor procedures, orders tests, refers complex cases, and handles routine hospital or clinic duties. In an Indian hospital, clinic, corporate OPD or diagnostic centre this MBBS role is the everyday first doctor for most patients. A good medical officer diagnoses soundly, prescribes rationally, refers at the right time, and keeps clear records, giving patients safe, consistent care day to day.

DetailFor this role
DepartmentClinical and Medical
LevelEntry level
Reports toChief Medical Officer
Direct reportsNone
ExperienceFresher to 3 years as a general duty medical officer

Medical Officer job description template

Copy this job description, replace the text in square brackets and post it on your careers page or a job portal.

Job title: Medical Officer

Department: Clinical and Medical

Reports to: Chief Medical Officer

Location: [City], [office, branch or site]

About the role

A Medical Officer is a general duty doctor who provides primary and general medical care. The person runs OPD, examines and treats common illnesses, manages minor procedures, orders tests, refers complex cases, and handles routine hospital or clinic duties. In an Indian hospital, clinic, corporate OPD or diagnostic centre this MBBS role is the everyday first doctor for most patients. A good medical officer diagnoses soundly, prescribes rationally, refers at the right time, and keeps clear records, giving patients safe, consistent care day to day.

Key responsibilities

  • Run OPD, examine patients and diagnose and treat common medical conditions.
  • Prescribe medicines rationally and explain the treatment to the patient.
  • Order and interpret basic investigations to support diagnosis and treatment.
  • Manage minor procedures, dressings and injections for patients as needed.
  • Refer patients to specialists or higher care when the condition requires it.
  • Handle basic emergencies and stabilise patients before referral to higher care.
  • Maintain accurate patient records, prescriptions and follow-up notes for every patient.
  • Support routine health check-ups, vaccination and screening programmes at the facility.
  • Follow clinical protocols, rational prescribing and infection control at all times.
  • Counsel patients on medication, prevention and healthy lifestyle habits clearly.

Requirements

  • MBBS from a recognised medical college
  • Valid registration with the state medical council
  • Basic life support training an advantage
  • Fresher to 3 years as a general duty medical officer

KRAs and KPIs for a Medical Officer

Key result areas for the appraisal form, each with a KPI you can measure every month or quarter.

Key result areaHow to measure it
OPD careDaily OPD load managed with sound diagnosis and adequate consultation time
Rational prescribingPrescriptions follow rational protocols with no avoidable overprescription
Appropriate referralComplex cases referred at the right time with no missed red flags
DocumentationPatient records and prescriptions completed for every patient seen
Emergency handlingBasic emergencies stabilised correctly before referral every time
Patient satisfactionGeneral OPD patient satisfaction held above the department threshold each month

Skills and tools

General medical practiceClinical diagnosisRational prescribingBasic emergency careMinor proceduresPatient counsellingDocumentationEmpathyClear communication

Tools used day to day: Diagnostic instruments, Hospital or clinic information system, ECG machine, Nebuliser and injections, Basic emergency kit.

Reporting line and career path

Chief Medical OfficerMedical Officer
Moves up from: MBBS Intern, Junior Resident Doctor, Clinic Doctor
Next roles: Senior Medical Officer, Chief Medical Officer, Specialist after PG

Interview questions for a Medical Officer

  1. How do you approach a patient with fever and no clear cause?
  2. How do you keep your prescribing rational and avoid unnecessary antibiotics?
  3. When do you refer a patient rather than managing them in OPD?
  4. How do you stabilise a patient in a basic emergency before referral?
  5. How do you handle a heavy OPD without compromising on quality?
  6. How do you counsel a patient who is not taking their medicines regularly?

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Frequently asked questions

What does a medical officer do?

A medical officer is a general duty doctor providing primary and general care. They run OPD, examine and treat common illnesses, order and interpret basic tests, do minor procedures, handle basic emergencies and refer complex cases. As the everyday first doctor for most patients, they diagnose soundly, prescribe rationally and keep clear records for safe, consistent care.

What is the difference between a medical officer and a resident medical officer?

A medical officer mainly runs OPD and general duty, seeing patients who come for care. A resident medical officer is an in-house duty doctor who manages admitted ward patients around the clock and responds to ward and emergency calls. One focuses on outpatient and general care, while the other covers inpatients on duty.

What qualifications does a medical officer need?

You need an MBBS from a recognised college and registration with the state medical council. Basic life support training is a useful advantage. The role suits doctors who are comfortable with broad general practice, sound diagnosis and rational prescribing. Many medical officers later pursue a postgraduate seat to specialise in a chosen field.